ROT 01 – CLAUDIA NUZZO

Record of Observation or Review of Teaching Practice   

Session/artefact to be observed/reviewed: video recording of a one-to-one tutorial 

Size of student group: one-to-one tutorial 

Observer: Claudia Nuzzo 

Observee: Ellie Sweeney 

PART 1 (ELLIE) 
Observee to complete in brief and send to observer prior to the observation or review: 

What is the context of this session/artefact within the curriculum? 

The current BA3 Embroidery students are almost halfway through their Final Major Project. This unit runs through the Spring and Summer terms, the brief is very open, and the outcomes are negotiated by the students in relation to their chosen career paths/future aims but in keeping with an embroidery outcome. 

The focus of the embroidery workshop is for the students to self-direct the continuation of their project, in this full day class (9:30-4:30) they are encouraged to focus on sampling whilst they have priority of the workshop machinery. 

Within this session I see each student 1-1 for a 20 minute tutorial to check on the progress of the project.  

How long have you been working with this group and in what capacity? 

I have been the BA3 Embroidery workshop tutor since the start of the academic year, their current FMP project started in January 2025. They have one workshop a week every Tuesday and is an integral part of the course.  

What are the intended or expected learning outcomes? 

On completion of this unit students will be able to demonstrate: 

LO1 The ability to consolidate, extend and apply subject knowledge and understanding (knowledge, enquiry) 

LO2 An advanced application of the methods and techniques learned, in order to consolidate your final major project proposal (enquiry, process, knowledge) 

LO3 Critical refinement, evaluation and achievement of a range of solutions to your proposal (knowledge, process, realisation) 

LO4 Management of the process of realisation in an objective, creative, professional and mature manner (realisation) 

LO5 The structuring, coordination and execution of a body of work, to a professional standard, which successfully achieves its own identified aims and objectives (communication, realisation) 

LO6 Evidence of engagement with proactivity, resilience and curiosity principles of the Creative Attributes Framework (enquiry). 

An element of all of these will be touched on through the process of discussing the students body of work in the 1-1 tutorial setting. 

What are the anticipated outputs (anything students will make/do)? 

Within the session I will look through all aspects of the student’s project, some weeks I dedicate a main focus so students don’t need to bring everything in each week currently I am mainly looking at samples however below is the required submission elements by the end of the unit. 

Students can submit additional aspects, in relation to their individual direction, but MUST submit content that covers all 5 mandatory components below 

1. Visual research and design development sketchbook(s): Your sketchbook must demonstrate the development of new ideas and areas of investigation, showcasing the journey and evolution of your project through research, design development, and the visual 5 communication of how you have used paperwork to support textile sampling proposals. Largescale primary research can be documented with photographs. For collaborative work, include appropriately referenced contributions from others, such as range plans or lineups.  

2. Presentation for Final Major Project; suitable for your chosen industry direction/career. Content can take various forms, and the format can be physical/bound and/or digital (where requested). Students will outline aims in their FMP brief.  

SUGGESTIONS – as a guide only:  

▫ Textiles portfolio 

▫ Fashion-focused presentation portfolio and/or look book of collaboration collection.  

▫ Self-promotional booklet and/or look book of textiles collection.  

▫ Trend led material or technical presentation book and/or textiles-led film.  

If collaborating, where appropriate, students can include referenced work of others. Collaboration aims should utilise the individual strengths of the collective team. 

3. Technical folder (relevant to your specialism and brief proposal/s): A collated technical investigation relevant to your proposed aims, containing communication and reflection of your technical aims. Aims to be discussed with tutor to showcase strengths. Depending on chosen direction, this can also include mock-ups of textiles for fashion details such as seam testing, finishing’s, mock-ups of garment details; relevant if you have chosen to collaborate.  

4. An industry toolkit in relation to career development; This ‘Industry Toolkit’ is simply ONE COLLATED file, including different pages (TOTAL 2000 words).  

Below SUGGESTIONS as a guide only, in addition to your Project Brief (up to 500 words), students can choose to include:  

▫ Evaluative Statement: a summarised reflection of project decisions in relation to personal career aims and strengths.  

▫ Tailored CVs (reflecting your Designer Identity and audience)  

▫ Tailored Cover Letters (tailored to the audience needs through research) ▫ Competition / MA applications (can include visuals)  

▫ Press Release and/or Artist Statement  

▫ Website/ Online Portfolio planning or development  

▫ Enterprise planning or aims (can include visuals)  

Your Industry Toolkit should reflect your aesthetic and design identity. 

5. A collection of fashion textile products in relation to negotiated outcomes, individual and/or collaborative: This is your Collaborative Realisation with garment/fashion course(s) and/or Material Sample Route Collection(s). The ‘collection’ may take a variety of forms depending on the nature of the final project proposal and its solution, taking into consideration the level of craft/ innovation considered within the range, and if you have chosen to collaborate as part of your collection. Collaborative work/ should reference the collaboration, partners and courses 

Are there potential difficulties or specific areas of concern? 

Difficulties for the workshop tutorial can include getting round to see everyone as some tutorials overrun or are delayed if the students are busy on a piece of equipment. In the past I have tried a pre-determined time slot system, but this doesn’t work due to absence and late arrivals, so I organize in order of arrival.  

Another difficulty is if a student has been absent for a few weeks when they come in they are usually behind and therefore their tutorial can take longer or cover different objectives to what the session intends. Usually if a student who has had poor attendance is in, I prioritize seeing them first.  

Difficulties that arise within the tutorials can differ from student to student sometimes students can be very quiet and not input which makes reviewing their thought process to the design elements hard to review, additionally some students whose first language isn’t English tend to get confused more easily and the sessions take longer as I need to repeat or go slower with the information/explaining. These students tend to record the session to re listen to afterwards.  

Reoccurring issues are students tend to get a lot of feedback each week (they have 4 different tutors) this can either create conflating design opinions, I have noticed students sometimes wait for the next tutorial to run other tutors’ suggestions past me before going ahead with making and/or rely on tutor advice and find it hard to formulate and test ideas independently.  

An area of concern is student agency within the tutorial, I would like for the students in 3rd year to initiate what they would like to discuss or get out of the tutorial so that it doesn’t become repetitive in its format and reduce the likelihood of unhelpful feedback. However, with quiet students and with what they have perceived to be the standard format for tutorials from their 1st and 2nd year it has been hard to get them to develop in these areas.  

How will students be informed of the observation/review? 

My peer observation is happening in a reflection format online not in person as I decided that having someone sit in on 1-1 tutorials can be off putting for the students and create a level of pressure or confusion as they may feel like they are being assessed or unwilling to talk about their personal projects Infront of someone new. 

Therefore, I have asked my partner to meet online for me to talk through my last workshop tutorial session and to reflect on opportunities where changes could be made. 

What would you particularly like feedback on? 

I would like feedback on how to reduce tutorials becoming repetitive for the same student week to week even if they haven’t progressed their work. What is a good way to encourage them to react to the feedback rather than procrastinate. How to get them to take charge of their 1-1 tutorial and guide it more rather than relying on the tutor take charge and deliver masses of feedback on many aspects within the 20-minutes. 

How will feedback be exchanged? 

There will be a chance for verbal exchange as we are meeting online to discuss my session as well as the observer filling in Part Two of the observation process.  

PART 2 (CLAUDIA) 

Observer to note down observations, suggestions and questions: 

I observed Ellie conducting a one-to-one tutorial with a BA Fashion Embroidery student. Ellie used a very empathetic approach, which allowed her to establish clear and straightforward communication with the student. She effectively guided the student to think critically about how to improve her work. Her language was simple and clear, making it particularly suitable for non-native English speakers or students with neurodivergences or disabilities. 

As requested by Ellie, I will offer some advice on the questions we discussed during our conversation, focusing on areas that may need further improvement. 

  • How can Ellie encourage students to take the lead in conversations rather than relying on her to ask questions? 
  • How can she avoid one-to-one weekly tutorials becoming repetitive when students are not making progress? 
  • What is a good way to encourage students to act on feedback and avoid procrastination? 

My suggestion is to incorporate a coaching approach in tutorials, which I believe could help address all three aspects. We often assume we know what students want or need, and our role is simply to answer their questions. It can be challenging when they present problems we cannot solve, especially in personal tutorials. But what if we focused on helping them find their own solutions instead? 

Personal tutorials can be more productive if we allow space for students to think. Coaching pioneer Sir John Whitmore developed the GROW model in the 1980s, which could be useful in this context: 

  • G – GOAL: What do you want? 
  • R – REALITY: Where are you now? 
  • O – OPTIONS: What could you do? 
  • W – WILL: What will you do? 

Applying this model in tutorials could help shift the focus from what we think students need to what they believe they need. This approach may also help students avoid procrastination, as they will feel a greater sense of ownership over their planning and ideas. 

PART 3 (ELLIE) 

Observee to reflect on the observer’s comments and describe how they will act on the feedback exchanged: 

I’d like to thank Claudia for her time reviewing my session and supporting documents and providing me with feedback on how to effectively develop the tutorial experience for the students.  

Claudias suggestion of implementing the coaching method is a very good approach and something I already carry out broadly across the unit, but what Claudia has helped me to think about is if I could use the ‘GROW’ model within the weekly tutorials so that students come more prepared and with agency over the work they are talking through and the areas that want feedback on. The unit demands a lot from the students and although I do breakdown within the Scheme of Work what each workshop tutorial will focus on, I do find students don’t always read this and rely on me to help navigate the tutorial discussion. By getting the students to fill out a weekly or bi-weekly tutorial planning document that focus’ on the ‘Goals and Reality’ sections of the ‘GROW’ method we can work in the tutorial to figure out the ‘Options and Will’ so they leave with clear action points, these will be different each week due to the nature of that week’s tutorial discussion topic.  

Overall, I can see this working well with 3rd years, especially with trying to get them to take agency and lead the tutorials but may need adjusting to help 1st and 2nd years. Another thing I have been thinking about with tutorials is possibly giving the students space to implement feedback by making some of the workshop’s tutorials a sign up. This could work every 3rd week so that it doesn’t become the norm to see every student every week and allows them longer than a week to work on certain feedback points before getting further feedback which can sometimes overwhelmed the students.  

I am looking forward to talking some of these ideas back to my wider team to discuss. 

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REFLECTIVE POST 04 – Reflecting on the strengths and challenges of studying for a teaching qualification in the UK and Italy 

I decided to write my final blog article on the strengths and challenges of studying for a teaching qualification in the UK and Italy. This PgCert unit was my first experience as a student in the UK, as I had completed my BA and MA in audiovisual journalism in Italy, along with a teaching qualification there. This experience allowed me to reflect on both approaches and evaluate their strengths and challenges from my personal perspective, with the hope of integrating the best aspects of both into my future teaching. 

The first thing I noticed is that teaching in the UK is highly practical. Lectures were not primarily focused on delivering theoretical content but rather on teaching students how to think critically and find solutions to practical problems. Theory was mostly provided through recommended readings, which were not always mandatory, encouraging students to conduct independent research and study further. 

Initially, I found the English approach quite challenging, as I felt lost without clearly prescribed readings or direct answers from lecturers that helped me place theory within a clear historical framework. However, I soon recognised the benefits of problem-solving activities and learning by doing. 

Another advantage of the English system is the emphasis on independent research, which is a crucial skill in today’s digital era. With access to vast amounts of online information, students must learn how to filter what is useful and reliable. 

In contrast, in Italy, lectures and readings were structured in a highly organised way. There was less emphasis on independent research, as the reading materials provided a clear historical context and outlined key theories and authors considered essential for a foundational understanding of pedagogy and psychology in education. This approach also covered aspects of cognitive science, exploring theories from scholars such as Howard Gardner and Daniel Goleman, who discuss multiple intelligences and emotional intelligence, topics I remember as some of the most engaging parts of my studies. 

While the Italian approach provided me with extensive knowledge, I was unprepared for real-world application due to the lack of hands-on experience in the curriculum. Additionally, my mindset was less prepared to solve practical problems, which I see as the main weakness of the Italian system. 

That being said, I appreciated both learning experiences.  

As Aristotelian philosophy teaches “The truth often lies in the middle”.

From these lessons, I plan to provide my students with more historical and theoretical context to help them navigate their learning, as in the Italian approach, while maintaining the problem-solving, hands-on methodology of the English system. I hope this combination will better prepare them to face the challenges of the professional world with a strong theoretical foundation. 

References: 

Aristotle, 2009. Nicomachean ethics. Translated by W.D. Ross. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 

Gardner, H., 1983. Frames of mind: The theory of multiple intelligences. New York: Basic Books. 

Goleman, D., 1995. Emotional intelligence: Why it can matter more than IQ. New York: Bantam Books. 

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REFLECTIVE POST 03 – The use of Nonviolent Communication in feedback 

The PgCert readings and the final in-person session on feedback were particularly interesting for me as this was something I had already been reflecting on a lot by myself. The discussions with my tutors and peers during the session gave me plenty of food for thought. 

One of the main aspects I have been considering is the use of language in feedback, which can be challenging for me. Firstly, because I come from a south Italian culture where communication is quite direct, which can sometimes contrast with UK academic norms. Secondly, as I am not a native English speaker, and I need to be particularly careful in choosing words appropriately to avoid misunderstandings with students. 

After the session on feedback, I started thinking about how I could structure feedback using principles of Nonviolent Communication (NVC), something I have been studying in the past, but I never had the chance to apply within the feedback context. From my research, I also found out that the NVC approach was very much in line with the guidelines on how to provide feedback available on the UAL portal. (See link in References about UAL Resources and Guidelines for assessment) 

As the only way to use NVC is to put it into practice, I decided to do a practical exercise where I imagine giving feedback to my audiovisual journalism students, keeping in mind the four key principles of NVC: observing without judging, expressing feelings to build connection, addressing needs and learning goals, and making actionable positive requests.

1. Observing without judging 

Negative: “Your video feels a bit dull and does not capture the audience’s attention.” 
Positive: “Your video follows a clear narrative, but adding more dynamic shots or varied pacing could help maintain audience engagement.” 

2. Expressing feelings to build connection 

Negative: “Your story is too simple and does not have much emotional impact.” 
Positive: “I really appreciate how clearly you tell the story. I feel it could be even more powerful if you included more personal testimonies or background music to create an emotional connection.” 

3. Addressing needs and learning goals 

Negative: “Your camera work is shaky and not professional.” 
Positive: “I can see that you experimented with different shots, which is great. Using a tripod or stabilising techniques might help make your footage look more polished.” 

4. Making actionable positive requests 

Negative: “Your script is not engaging enough.” 
Positive: “Would you be willing to add more descriptive language or visual storytelling elements? That could help bring the narrative to life.” 

These excercise helped me understand the right approach to feedback to improve communication with my students and make them feel valued and boost their self-esteem while learning. Moving forward I will incorporate this approach more into my written feedback as I think this is the right way to go! 

References 

Broadfoot, P. (1996) ‘The social purposes of assessment’, in Education, assessment, and society: a sociological analysis. Buckingham: Open University Press, pp. 19–38. 

McDonald, J.K. and Michela, E. (2019) ‘The design critique and the moral goods of studio pedagogy’, Design Studies, 62, pp. 1–35. 

Rosenberg, M.B. (1995) Words Are Windows or They’re Walls: A Presentation of Nonviolent Communication. Create Your Life-Production. 

Turner, J.C. (1984) ‘Failure and defeat as determinants of group cohesiveness’, British Journal of Social Psychology, 23(4), pp. 303–314. 

UAL Resources and Guidelines for assessment 

University of the Arts London (n.d.) Assessment and feedback resources. Available at: https://www.arts.ac.uk/about-ual/teaching-and-learning-exchange/resources/assessment-and-feedback (Accessed: 25 March 2025). 

University of the Arts London (2024) Supporting inclusive and developmental crits: A guidance for staff at UAL. Available at: https://www.arts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0019/451180/Crits-Guidance-Sep-2024.pdf (Accessed: 25 March 2025). 

University of the Arts London (2022) Compassionate feedback: Ideas for prompting reflection on compassionate approaches to feedback. Available at: https://www.arts.ac.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0025/381364/Compassionate-feedback-prompts_Final_November-2022-3.pdf (Accessed: 25 March 2025). 

University of the Arts London (n.d.) Take 5 – UAL’s Assessment Criteria. Available at: https://www.arts.ac.uk/students/stories/take-5-uals-assessment-criteria (Accessed: 25 March 2025). 

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REFLECTIVE POST 02 – The importance of using reflective models in journalism education 

In my first year of teaching BA and MA journalism students, I found it challenging to provide clear guidelines on the best reflective model to use when evaluating their final work. 

At the same time, I realised this was a gap I needed to fill, as learning more about reflection would not only benefit my students but also help me assess my own performance as a lecturer and plan future improvements in my teaching. 

Through my research, I discovered various reflective models, including ERA (Jasper, 2013), Kolb (Kolb, 1984), Gibbs (Gibbs, 1988), and the Four Fs (Greenaway, 2015). Each of these models offers a different approach and level of complexity, all of which are valuable in their own way. 

Among these, I found ERA to be the simplest and most effective. It provides a clear structure without unnecessary complexity, making it particularly useful for journalism students when evaluating their audiovisual portfolios. The ERA cycle offers a practical framework for students to analyse their experiences, learn from them, and improve their future work. 

The ERA cycle consists of three stages: experience, reflection, and action. Unlike more complex models, such as Kolb’s reflective cycle, ERA helps students focus on key aspects of their learning journey. 

Going forward, I plan to provide students with examples of different reflective models, along with links I have gathered from colleagues and my own research. This will give them a broader perspective on reflection and allow both them and myself to conduct more effective evaluations, ultimately leading to improved work in the future. 

Resources to share with my students: 

ERA (Jasper, 2013) 

https://crowjack.com/blog/strategy/reflection-models/era-cycle

Kolb (Kolb, 1984) https://my.cumbria.ac.uk/media/MyCumbria/Documents/Library/Kolb.pdf 

Gibbs (Gibbs, 1988) 

https://www.tsw.co.uk/blog/leadership-and-management/gibbs-reflective-cycle

The Four Fs (Greenaway, 2015) 

https://www.ed.ac.uk/reflection/reflectors-toolkit/reflecting-on-experience/four-f

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MICROTEACHING SESSION – Reflection –

As part of the object-based learning micro-teaching session, I decided to use an archive of photographs depicting animals, landscapes, objects, and scenes from everyday life. The activity was designed for a maximum of six teachers attending the PgCert Academic Practice in Art, Design, and Communication course.

This session aimed to build community and strengthen connections, improve emotional awareness and empathy to reduce social exclusion and conflict and enhance visual literacy skills and imagination. The key methodologies used were: 

  • Social Action Photography and Therapeutic Photography Techniques: Inspired by Judy Weiser, these methods encourage emotional engagement and meaningful discussions. The activity focuses on identifying challenges and exploring potential solutions to promote well-being and positive change at community, societal, or broader levels.
  • Non-Violent communication principles: Drawing on Marshall Rosenberg’s principles, the workshop fostered a respectful and supportive environment for sharing and feedback. These principles enhanced the emotional and creative processes throughout the session.

I learned the Social Action Photography techniques during a course with Judy Weiser and have since had the opportunity to apply and adapt them in various contexts, including in school prisons with under-18 detainees and in hospitals with psychiatric patients. However, this was my first time experimenting with these techniques in an academic setting with colleagues and every time the outcome is different.

Activities

The first activity I introduced was called “Exploring personality and memories”. I placed the photographs on a table, and participants were invited to walk around and select one image that resonated with them. I then guided participants through a reflective exploration of their chosen image, asking questions to help them connect the photograph to their personality, life, or memories. Each participant shared their reflections with the group.

The second activity, “Addressing workplace challenges,” involved participants selecting a second photograph to reflect on the challenges they face in their work environment. I encouraged them to expand the frame of the photographs by imagining additional elements or people that could improve the depicted scenario. This exercise aimed to foster a group discussion about potential solutions to workplace challenges, encouraging a positive and constructive dialogue.

This activity proved to be very powerful, as participants shared deeply personal experiences. One participant selected a picture of a penguin standing alone on an icy landscape, staring at the sea. He explained that this image reflected how he sometimes felt when facing professional challenges alone. When asked to imaginatively expand the picture and introduce positive elements, he visualised a group of penguins emerging from the side of the image, standing on a floating piece of ice, coming to support him.

Another participant chose an image of a typical London bus as a metaphor for the generational gap she feels with her students. “It’s like we are on different floors,” she said, describing her main challenge as a lecturer. This sparked a productive discussion as this was a shared feeling among participants.

A third participant selected an image of an Egyptian painting depicting a person holding a stick to protect a group of small birds from a cat. Through reflection, she associated this scene with the sense of responsibility she feels toward her students, who she perceived as vulnerable and in need of protection. By introducing a symbolic chair into the picture, the interpretation evolved, the chair became a place for the teacher to rest and recharge while the students (birds) gained independence and no longer required constant protection.

Feedback and lessons learned

The feedback on the session was overall positive. Participants described the technique as powerful and emotional, highlighting the use of images as an effective tool for discussing challenges and solutions. One key question that emerged was: If people get emotional how do you handle it?

This was an important consideration, as emotional responses are common in sessions like these. Reflecting on this, I identified a few areas for improvement:

  1. One mistake I made was not properly introducing the activity due to time constraints. In my session plan, I had written the following introduction:
    “Participants will be informed that some questions during the activity may elicit personal emotional responses…(read more in the attachment)
    Had I taken the time to explain this at the beginning, participants would have been better prepared for the emotional responses that emerged during the activity.
  2. Another key lesson was the need to stress that emotional reactions, including crying, should not be seen as signs of weakness but rather as expressions of strength and authenticity. In activities like these, emotions are not disruptions but integral parts of the process. The goal is to ensure that discussions occur within a safe and supportive environment, where emotions can lead to positive outcomes rather than discomfort.
  3. Moving forward, I plan to refine my facilitation approach by integrating clearer grounding techniques at the start and end of the session. Simple strategies, such as breathing exercises or a short reflective pause, can help participants process their emotions in a more structured way.

Overall, this micro-teaching experience was an invaluable opportunity to explore the impact of visual methodologies in an academic setting. It reinforced the importance of preparation, emotional awareness, and the need to create a safe space where participants can engage in deep and meaningful discussions. This session has given me important insights that I will carry forward in my teaching and future participatory workshops.

Bibliography

Hardie, K (2015) ‘Innovative pedagogies series: Wow: The power of objects in object-based learning and teaching’. Available at: https://s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets.creode.advancehe-document-manager/documents/hea/private/kirsten_hardie_final_1568037367.pdf (Accessed 15 Feb 2025).

Rosenberg, M.B. (2015) Nonviolent Communication: A Language of Life. 3rd edn. Encinitas, CA: PuddleDancer Press.

Salamon, M. (2018) ‘Drawing Laboratory: Research Workshops and Outcomes’, Spark: UAL Creative Teaching and Learning Journal.

Weiser, J. (1999) Phototherapy techniques: Exploring the secrets of personal snapshots and family albums. Vancouver: Photo Therapy Centre.

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REFLECTIVE POST 01 – How does the ability to evoke memories differ between drawing and photography?

The article by Michelle Salamon, “Drawing Laboratory: Research Workshops and Outcomes”, captured my attention.

This article explores a pilot series of six workshops at Central Saint Martins (2015), which examined how drawing can enhance memory, concentration, and creativity by acting as a tool for encoding and retrieving information. 

The reason I decided to read this article is that I was particularly interested in exploring how drawing can recall information from memory. This is an area I have explored with photographs, as I regularly use photo elicitation and some therapeutic techniques inspired by Judy Weiser, which have been proven to be powerful tools for recalling memories and improving emotional awareness (Weiser, 1999).

The main question I have been asking myself is how drawing differs from photography in its ability to recall memories?

On the connection between photographs and memory, John Berger writes:
“Memory is a strange faculty. The sharper and more isolated the stimulus memory receives, the more it remembers; the more comprehensive the stimulus, the less it remembers. This is perhaps why black-and-white photography is paradoxically more evocative than colour photography. It stimulates a faster onrush of memories because less has been given, more has been left out…” (Berger, 1992: 192–193).

Perhaps this explains why drawings can be so powerful in evoking memories, as drawing acts as a synthesis of reality itself.

The anthropologist Franz Boas was one of the first to use drawings and photographs to study the culture of the Trobriand Islands (Hurworth, 2003). He understood the power of drawing not just as a means of documentation but also as a way to initiate conversations with Aboriginal people about their rituals and ways of living.

The article by Michelle Salamon also demonstrates that drawing can do more than serve its usual artistic role; it can help with learning, encourage teamwork, and improve understanding of memory. The workshops revealed how drawing can trigger sensory cues, create memory aids, and enhance Art and Design education.

For example, the activity in which students drew the shoes they wore as children was particularly intriguing. In their feedback, students noted that the more they drew, the more vivid their memories became, enabling them to recall details of their past. This highlights the power of drawing to evoke memories, sharpen memory, and explore hidden memories, which can even have therapeutic applications.

Moving forward, I want to incorporate more drawing activities into both BA and MA journalism courses. One idea is to use drawing in interviews as ice-breaking activities to help students get to know each other. Interviews could begin by asking interviewees to draw something related to the topic of investigation as a way to start the conversation. This approach could be an interesting area to explore and might also be a valid tool for students in conducting professional interviews.

References

Berger, J. (1992) Keeping a Rendezvous. New York: Vintage International.

Berger, J. (2012) Berger on Drawing. Edited by J. Savage. Aghabullogue, Ireland: Occasional Press.

Hurworth, R. (2003) ‘Photo-interviewing for research’, University of Surrey Social Research Update, 40. Available at: https://sru.soc.surrey.ac.uk/SRU40.PDF (Accessed: 24 January 2025).

Salamon, M. (2018) ‘Drawing Laboratory: Research Workshops and Outcomes’, Spark: UAL Creative Teaching and Learning Journal.

Weiser, J. (1999) Phototherapy techniques: Exploring the secrets of personal snapshots and family albums. Vancouver: Photo Therapy Centre.

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